A hard refresh causes the browser to re-download the contents of a page instead of building it from its cache. You should do a hard refresh when you are troubleshooting, and believe that the page you are seeing is not the latest version of the page. A hard refresh does not clear the entire browser's cache, only information related to the current page.
How to perform a hard refresh
Chrome
Windows and Linux:
- CTRL+F5.
- Hold CTRL and click the Reload button on the navigation bar.
macOS:
- CMD+SHIFT+R
- Hold Shift and click the Reload button on the navigation bar.
Firefox
Windows and Linux:
- CTRL+F5
- CTRL+SHIFT+R
- Hold Shift and click the Reload button on the navigation bar.
macOS:
- CMD+Shift+R
- Hold SHIFT and click the Reload button on the navigation bar.
Microsoft Edge
- CTRL+F5
- Hold CTRL and click the Reload button on the navigation bar.
Safari
- Hold CTRL and click the Reload button on the navigation bar.
Additional Resources